周曉林教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的注意與執(zhí)行控制實驗室致力于研究人類大腦信息加工機制,運用巧妙的心理學(xué)實驗,并結(jié)合先進的認知神經(jīng)科學(xué)技術(shù),與國內(nèi)外科學(xué)家并肩努力,揭示人類信息加工之謎。本實驗室研究領(lǐng)域包括兩大部分,一是人類注意,該研究領(lǐng)域關(guān)注的是認知系統(tǒng)對環(huán)境中無關(guān)信息的抑制和對目標信息的選擇性集中。本實驗室的研究課題涵蓋了人類注意的時間、空間及跨通道分配;視覺、聽覺注意返回抑制機制等。另一研究領(lǐng)域為執(zhí)行控制,執(zhí)行控制負責(zé)對人類多種信息加工機能進行自上而下的主動控制、協(xié)調(diào)。本實驗室重點關(guān)注執(zhí)行控制的認知、神經(jīng)機制,以及特殊人群的執(zhí)行功能障礙。

 

研究方法

1)認知行為實驗

2)事件相關(guān)電位實驗

3)功能性核磁共振實驗

4)眼球運動追蹤實驗

 

主要研究方向:

1)  視覺搜索(visual search)

視覺搜索任務(wù)要求被試在眾多視覺刺激中搜索目標刺激,是研究注意在空間維度上分配規(guī)律的最常用手段。視覺搜索的行為與認識神經(jīng)研究有助于揭示人類認知系統(tǒng)并行、串行加工機制,并為計算機模擬和人工智能研究提供實驗依據(jù)。本實驗室運用視覺搜索實驗范式對知覺負載、多維度信息加工、西蒙效應(yīng)、老年癡呆患者的視覺搜索能力等課題進行了探討,取得多項有趣的研究成果。

 

2)  注意瞬脫(attentional blink)

注意瞬脫指的是在快速系列呈現(xiàn)(rapid serial visual presentation, RSVP)任務(wù)中,被試較難正確報告呈現(xiàn)在第一個目標刺激后200~500ms之間出現(xiàn)的第二個目標刺激的現(xiàn)象,這一現(xiàn)象反映了人類注意分配在時間維度上的局限性。自注意瞬脫想象發(fā)現(xiàn)之日起,其發(fā)生機制一直是學(xué)界爭論的焦點。本實驗室亦致力于這一課題的研究,嘗試從全新的角度揭示注意瞬脫的發(fā)生機制,并已取得階段性成果。

 

3)  跨通道認知(cross-modal cognition)

跨通道認知研究關(guān)注不同感覺通道信息加工之間的聯(lián)結(jié)規(guī)律??缤ǖ栏杏X整合及相應(yīng)的大腦可塑性是當前跨通道認知神經(jīng)研究的熱點,此類課題的研究可以幫助人們了解大腦在面對多通道、大跨度信息輸入時的工作機制。本實驗室關(guān)注跨通道研究中視覺、聽覺和觸覺等感覺整合的認知神經(jīng)機制。

 

4)  返回抑制(inhibition of return)

返回抑制指的是在注意一個刺激后500~3000ms間對相同刺激或相同刺激位置的探測速度和準確率下降的現(xiàn)象,其研究通常使用線索—反應(yīng)范式(cue-response paradigm)。心理學(xué)家認為返回抑制現(xiàn)象反映人類認知系統(tǒng)對新異刺激具有與生俱來的注意偏向。該現(xiàn)象的發(fā)現(xiàn)引起學(xué)界濃厚的研究興趣,一方面,研究者希望更全面的了解返回抑制,另一方面,返回抑制作為一個十分穩(wěn)定的注意現(xiàn)象成為研究眾多認知心理學(xué)課題的實驗范式。本實驗室對視覺、聽覺注意返回抑制及其在特殊人群上的表現(xiàn)做了深入的研究,成果豐碩。

 

5)  執(zhí)行控制(executive function)

執(zhí)行控制研究關(guān)注認知系統(tǒng)如何控制和管理其它認知過程,它是一個涉及認知靈活性、抽象思維、計劃與決策,等等眾多課題的概念。本實驗室重點通過語言加工、工作記憶更新、空間注意等課題對執(zhí)行功能的認知、神經(jīng)機制進行研究。

 

研究隊伍:

博士后:張德玄

博士生:岳珍珠,魏萍,陳曦

碩士生:位學(xué)鑫

本科生:于宏波,龔蘭蘊

已網(wǎng)成員:王勇慧,陳騏,王凌,徐曉坤,羅琳琳,邵麗萍,徐巖

 

主要研究成果

Zhang, D., Zhou, X., & Martens, S. (2009). The impact of negative attentional set upon target processing in RSVP: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia.

Yue, Z., Bischof, G.-N., Zhou, X., Spence, C., & R?der, B. (2009). Spatial attention affects the processing of tactile and visual stimuli presented at the tip of a tool: an event-related potential study. Experimental Brain Research, 193, 119–128.

Wei, P., Müller, H.J., Pollmann, S., Zhou, X. (2009). Neural basis of interaction between target presence and display homogeneity in visual search: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 45, 993-1001.

Wei, P., Müller, H., Lü, J., & Zhou, X. (2008). Searching for two feature singletons in the visual scene: The localized attentional interference effect. Experimental Brain Research, 185, 175-188.

Zhou, X., & Chen, Q. (2008). Neural correlates of spatial and non-spatial inhibition of return (IOR) in attentional orienting. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2766-2775.

Ye, Z., & Zhou, X. (2008). Involvement of cognitive control in sentence comprehension: Evidence from ERPs. Brain Research, 1203, 103-115.

Yue, Z., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2008). Updating verbal and visuospatial working memory: Are the processes parallel? Chinese Science Bulletin53, 2175-2185.

Cao, Q., Zang, Y., Zhu, C., Cao, X., Sun, L., Zhou, X., & Wang, Y. (2008) Alerting deficits in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Event-related fMRI evidence. Brain Research, 1219, 159-168.

Zhang, D., Shao, L., Nieuwenstein, M., & Zhou, X. (2008). Top-down Control is not lost in the attentional blink: Evidence from intact endogenous cuing. Experimental Brain Research, 185, 287-295.

Zhang, D., Shao, L., & Zhou, X. (2007). Opening the attentional window in attentional blink: An attentional cueing study. Progress in Natural Science, 17(13), 39-46.

Chen, Q., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2007). Interaction between Location- and Frequency-based Inhibition of Return (IOR) in Human Auditory System. Experimental Brain Research, 176, 630-640.

Zhang, D., Zhou, X., di Pellegrino, G., & Ladavas, E. (2007). Spatial coding for the Simon effect in visual search. Experimental Brain Research, 176, 616-629.

Wei, P., & Zhou, X. (2006). Processing multidimensional objects under different perceptual loads: The priority of bottom-up perceptual saliency. Brain Research, 1114: 113-124.

Chen, Q., Wei, P., & Zhou, X. (2006). Distinct neural correlates for resolving Stroop conflict at inhibited and non-inhibited locations in inhibition of return (IOR). Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1937-1946.

Zhou, X., Chu, H., Li, X., & Zhan, Y. (2006). Center of mass attracts attention. Neuroreport, 17, 85-88.

Chen, Q., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2006). Effects of spatial distribution of attention during inhibition of return (IOR) on flanker interference in hearing and congenitally deaf people. Brain Research, 1109, 117-127.

Chen, Q., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2006). Spatial and nonspatial peripheral auditory processing in congenitally blind people. Neuroreport, 17, 1449-1452,

Liu, X., Qian, M., Zhou, X., & Wang, A. (2006). Repeating the stimulus exposure to investigate what happens after initial selective attention to threatening pictures. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1007-1016.

Hao, J. Li, K., Li, K., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Yang, Y., Yan, B., Shan, B., & Zhou, X. (2005). Visual attention deficits in Alzheimer’s disease: An fMRI study. Neuroscience Letters, 385, 18–23.